DC measurements are made in a superconducting, persistent current qubit structure with a time-ordered meter. The persistent-current qubit has a double-well potential, with the two minima corresponding to magnetization states of opposite sign. Macroscopic resonant tunneling between the two wells is observed at values of energy bias that correspond to the positions of the calculated quantum levels. The magnetometer, a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID), detects the state of the qubit in a time-ordered fashion, measuring one state before the other. This results in a different meter output depending on the initial state, providing different signatures of the energy levels for each tunneling direction. From these measurements, the intrawell relaxation time is found to be about 50 microseconds.
@article{arxiv.cond-mat/0311458,
title = {DC measurements of macroscopic quantum levels in a superconducting qubit structure with a time-ordered meter},
author = {D. S. Crankshaw and K. Segall and D. Nakada and T. P. Orlando and L. S. Levitov and S. Lloyd and S. O. Valenzuela and N. Markovic and M. Tinkham and K. K. Berggren},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:cond-mat/0311458},
year = {2008}
}