We investigate the resonance steps, spatiotemporal dynamics, and dynamical phase diagrams of the dc-driven diatomic Frenkel-Kontorova model. The complete resonance velocity spectrum is given. The diatomic effects result in each resonant state being characterized by two integer pairs, (k1,k2) and (k1,k2′). In the high-velocity region the linear response of the average velocity, v, of the chain to the driving force F is often punctuated by subharmonic resonances (k1>k2). There are two kinds of nonlinear response regions in the high-velocity region. A new physical interpretation of the mean-field treatment is presented.