Data Release 1 of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
Abstract
In 2021 May the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration began a 5-year spectroscopic redshift survey to produce a detailed map of the evolving three-dimensional structure of the universe between and . DESI's principle scientific objectives are to place precise constraints on the equation of state of dark energy, the gravitationally driven growth of large-scale structure, and the sum of the neutrino masses, and to explore the observational signatures of primordial inflation. We present DESI Data Release 1 (DR1), which consists of all data acquired during the first 13 months of the DESI main survey, as well as a uniform reprocessing of the DESI Survey Validation data which was previously made public in the DESI Early Data Release. The DR1 main survey includes high-confidence redshifts for 18.7M objects, of which 13.1M are spectroscopically classified as galaxies, 1.6M as quasars, and 4M as stars, making DR1 the largest sample of extragalactic redshifts ever assembled. We summarize the DR1 observations, the spectroscopic data-reduction pipeline and data products, large-scale structure catalogs, value-added catalogs, and describe how to access and interact with the data. In addition to fulfilling its core cosmological objectives with unprecedented precision, we expect DR1 to enable a wide range of transformational astrophysical studies and discoveries.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2503.14745,
title = {Data Release 1 of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument},
author = {DESI Collaboration and M. Abdul Karim and A. G. Adame and D. Aguado and J. Aguilar and S. Ahlen and S. Alam and G. Aldering and D. M. Alexander and R. Alfarsy and L. Allen and C. Allende Prieto and O. Alves and A. Anand and U. Andrade and E. Armengaud and S. Avila and A. Aviles and H. Awan and S. Bailey and A. Baleato Lizancos and O. Ballester and A. Bault and J. Bautista and R. Bean and J. Behera and S. BenZvi and L. Beraldo e Silva and J. R. Bermejo-Climent and F. Beutler and D. Bianchi and C. Blake and R. Blum and A. S. Bolton and M. Bonici and S. Brieden and A. Brodzeller and D. Brooks and E. Buckley-Geer and E. Burtin and A. Byström and R. Canning and A. Carnero Rosell and A. Carr and P. Carrilho and L. Casas and F. J. Castander and R. Cereskaite and J. L. Cervantes-Cota and E. Chaussidon and J. Chaves-Montero and S. Chen and X. Chen and C. Circosta and T. Claybaugh and S. Cole and A. P. Cooper and M. -C. Cousinou and A. Cuceu and T. M. Davis and K. S. Dawson and R. de Belsunce and R. de la Cruz and A. de la Macorra and A. de Mattia and N. Deiosso and J. Della Costa and R. Demina and U. Demirbozan and J. DeRose and A. Dey and B. Dey and J. Ding and Z. Ding and P. Doel and K. Douglass and M. Dowicz and H. Ebina and J. Edelstein and D. J. Eisenstein and W. Elbers and N. Emas and S. Escoffier and P. Fagrelius and X. Fan and K. Fanning and G. Favole and V. A. Fawcett and E. Fernández-García and S. Ferraro and N. Findlay and A. Font-Ribera and J. E. Forero-Romero and D. Forero-Sánchez and C. S. Frenk and B. T. Gänsicke and L. Galbany and J. García-Bellido and C. Garcia-Quintero and L. H. Garrison and E. Gaztañaga and H. Gil-Marín and A. Gloudemans and O. Y. Gnedin and S. Gontcho A Gontcho and D. Gonzalez and A. X. Gonzalez-Morales and V. Gonzalez-Perez and C. Gordon and O. Graur and D. Green and D. Gruen and R. Gsponer and C. Guandalin and G. Gutierrez and J. Guy and C. Hahn and J. J. Han and J. Han and S. He and H. K. Herrera-Alcantar and S. Heydenreich and K. Honscheid and J. Hou and C. Howlett and D. Huterer and V. Iršič and M. Ishak and A. Jacques and L. Jiang and J. Jimenez and Y. P. Jing and B. Joachimi and S. Joudaki and R. Joyce and E. Jullo and S. Juneau and N. G. Karaçaylı and T. Karim and R. Kehoe and S. Kent and A. Khederlarian and D. Kirkby and T. Kisner and F. -S. Kitaura and N. Kizhuprakkat and H. Kong and S. E. Koposov and A. Kremin and A. Krolewski and O. Lahav and Y. Lai and C. Lamman and T. -W. Lan and M. Landriau and D. Lang and J. U. Lange and J. Lasker and J. M. Le Goff and L. Le Guillou and A. Leauthaud and M. E. Levi and S. Li and T. S. Li and W. Liu and K. Lodha and M. Lokken and Y. Luo and Y. Luo and C. Magneville and M. Manera and C. J. Manser and D. Margala and P. Martini and M. Maus and J. McCullough and P. McDonald and G. E. Medina and L. Medina-Varela and A. Meisner and J. Mena-Fernández and A. Menegas and J. Meneses-Rizo and M. Mezcua and R. Miquel and P. Montero-Camacho and J. Moon and J. Moustakas and A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez and D. Muñoz-Santos and A. D. Myers and J. Myles and S. Nadathur and J. Najita and L. Napolitano and J. A. Newman and F. Nikakhtar and R. Nikutta and G. Niz and H. E. Noriega and P. Nugent and N. Padmanabhan and E. Paillas and N. Palanque-Delabrouille and A. Palmese and J. Pan and Z. Pan and D. Parkinson and J. A. Peacock and M. P. Ibanez and W. J. Percival and A. Pérez-Fernández and I. Pérez-Ràfols and P. Peterson and J. Piat and M. M. Pieri and M. Pinon and C. Poppett and A. Porredon and F. Prada and R. Pucha and F. Qin and D. Rabinowitz and A. Raichoor and C. Ramírez-Pérez and S. Ramirez-Solano and M. Rashkovetskyi and C. Ravoux and B. Ried Guachalla and A. H. Riley and A. Rocher and C. Rockosi and J. Rohlf and A. J. Rosado-Marín and A. J. Ross and C. Ross and G. Rossi and R. Ruggeri and V. Ruhlmann-Kleider and C. G. Sabiu and K. Said and N. Sailer and A. Saintonge and Y. Salcedo Hernandez and L. Samushia and E. Sanchez and N. Sanders and N. Sandford and S. Satyavolu and C. Saulder and A. K. Saydjari and E. F. Schlafly and D. Schlegel and D. Scholte and M. Schubnell and A. Semenaite and H. Seo and A. Shafieloo and R. Sharples and J. Silber and F. Sinigaglia and M. Siudek and Z. Slepian and A. Smith and M. Soumagnac and D. Sprayberry and J. Suárez-Pérez and J. Swanson and T. Tan and G. Tarlé and P. Taylor and G. Thomas and R. Tojeiro and R. J. Turner and W. Turner and L. A. Ureña-López and R. Vaisakh and M. Valluri and G. Valogiannis and M. Vargas-Magaña and L. Verde and P. Vielzeuf and M. Walther and B. Wang and M. S. Wang and W. Wang and B. A. Weaver and N. Weaverdyck and R. H. Wechsler and D. H. Weinberg and M. White and A. Whitford and M. Wolfson and J. Yang and C. Yèche and S. Youles and J. Yu and S. Yuan and E. A. Zaborowski and P. Zarrouk and H. Zhang and C. Zhao and R. Zhao and Z. Zheng and C. Zhou and R. Zhou and Y. Zhou and H. Zou and S. Zou and Y. Zu},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.14745},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
64 pages, 7 figures, 15 tables, accepted to The Astronomical Journal