Current-Induced Heat Transfer in Double-Layer Graphene

Using the fluctuational electrodynamics and nonequilibrium Green's function methods, we demonstrate the existence of a current-induced heat transfer in double-layer graphene even when the temperatures of the two sheets are the same. The heat flux is quadratically dependent on the current. When temperatures are different, external voltage bias can reverse the direction of heat flow. The drift effect can exist in both macroscopic and nanosized double-layer graphene and extend to any other 2D electron systems. These results pave the way for a different approach to the thermal management through radiation in nonequilibrium systems.