Integration of thin-film oxide piezoelectrics on glass is imperative for the next generation of transparent electronics to attain sensing and actuating functions. However, their crystallization temperature (above 650 {\deg}C) is incompatible with most glasses. We developed a flash lamp process for growth of piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate films. The process enables crystallization on various types of glasses in a few seconds only. Functional properties of these films are comparable to the films processed with standard rapid thermal annealing at 700 {\deg}C. A surface haptic device was fabricated with a 1 \unicodex00B5m-thick film (piezoelectric e33,f of -5 C m−2). Its ultrasonic surface deflection reached 1.5 \unicodex00B5m at 60 V, sufficient for its use in surface rendering applications. This flash lamp annealing process is compatible with large glass sheets and roll-to-roll processing and has the potential to significantly expand the applications of piezoelectric devices on glass.
@article{arxiv.2303.13103,
title = {Crystallization of piezoceramic films on glass via flash lamp annealing},
author = {Longfei Song and Juliette Cardoletti and Alfredo Blazquez Martinez and Andreja Bencan and Brigita Kmet and Stephanie Girod and Emmanuel Defay and Sebastjan Glinsek},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.13103},
year = {2024}
}