The SPIRAL2 superconducting linear accelerator (LINAC), which has been operational since 2019, employs superconducting, independently phased RF resonators to deliver a wide range of particle beams. Designed for flexibility in particle types, intensities, and energies, it utilizes superconducting quarter-wave resonators (QWRs), whose performances are critically dependent on the reliability of the cryogenic operation. This paper reviews the evolution from commissioning to the routine operation of the SPIRAL2 cryogenic system, initially commissioned in 2017. It highlights the key challenges encountered, including thermo-acoustic oscillations, thermal management, and abnormal behavior of cavities. Furthermore, it explores the integration of thermodynamic modeling and machine learning techniques to enhance system control and diagnose issues. This work serves as a comprehensive resource for advancing the cryogenic operation and performance of superconducting LINACs.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2502.01196,
title = {Cryogenics of a superconducting LINAC : SPIRAL2 from commissioning to operation},
author = {Adnan Ghribi and Muhammad Aburas and Pierre-Emmanuel Bernaudin and Patrick Bonnay and François Bonne and Frédéric Bouly and Marco Di Giacomo and Charly Lassalle and David Longuevergne and François Millet and Jean-Pierre Thermeau and Arnaud Trudel and Quentin Tura and Adrien Vassal},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.01196},
year = {2025}
}