Cryogenics and purification systems of the ICARUS T600 detector installation at Fermilab
Abstract
This paper describes the cryogenic and purification systems of the ICARUS T600 detector in its present implementation at the Fermi National Laboratory, Illinois, USA. The ICARUS T600 detector is made of four large Time Projection Chambers, installed in two separate containers of about 275 m3 each. The detector uses liquid argon both as target and as active media. For the correct operation of the detector, the liquid argon must be kept in very stable thermal conditions and the contamination of electronegative impurities must be consistently kept at the level of small fractions of parts per billion. The detector was previously operated in Italy, at the INFN Gran Sasso Underground laboratory, in a 3 year duration run on the CERN to LNGS Long Baseline Neutrino Beam. For its operation on the Booster and NuMI neutrino beams, at Fermilab, for the search of sterile neutrinos and measurements of neutrino-argon cross sections, the detector was moved from Gran Sasso to CERN for the upgrades required for operation at shallow depth with high intensity neutrino beams. The liquid argon containers, the thermal insulation and all the cryogenic equipment, have been completely re-designed and rebuild, following the schemes of the previous installation in Gran Sasso. The detector and all the equipment have been transported to Fermilab, where they have been installed, tested and recently put into operation. The work described in this paper has been conducted as a joint responsibility of CERN and Fermilab with the supervision provided by the Icarus Collaboration. Design, installation, testing, commissioning and operation is the result of a common effort of CERN, Fermilab and INFN Groups.
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Cite
@article{arxiv.2509.18392,
title = {Cryogenics and purification systems of the ICARUS T600 detector installation at Fermilab},
author = {F. Abd Alrahman and P. Abratenko and N. Abrego-Martinez and A. Aduszkiewicz and F. Akbar and L. Aliaga Soplin and M. Artero Pons and J. Asaadi and W. F. Badgett and B. Behera and V. Bellini and R. Benocci and J. Berger and S. Berkman and O. Beltramello and S. Bertolucci and M. Betancourt and A. Blanchet and F. Boffelli and M. Bonesini and T. Boone and B. Bottino and A. Braggiotti and J. Bremer and S. J. Brice and V. Brio and C. Brizzolari and H. S. Budd and A. Campani and A. Campos and D. Carber and M. Carneiro and I. Caro Terrazas and H. Carranza and F. Castillo Fernandez and A. Castro and S. Centro and G. Cerati and M. Chalifour and P. Chambouvet and A. Chatterjee and D. Cherdack and S. Cherubini and N. Chithirasreemadam and T. E. Coan and A. Cocco and M. R. Convery and L. Cooper-Troendle and S. Copello and H. Da Motta and M. Dallolio and A. A. Dange and A. de Roeck and S. Di Domizio and L. Di Noto and D. Di Ferdinando and M. Diwan and S. Dolan and L. Domine and S. Donati and R. Doubnik and F. Drielsma and J. Dyer and S. Dytman and C. Fabre and A. Falcone and C. Farnese and A. Fava and N. Gallice and F. G. Garcia and C. Gatto and M. Geynisman and D. Gibin and A. Gioiosa and W. Gu and A. Guglielmi and G. Gurung and K. Hassinin and H. Hausner and A. Heggestuen and B. Howard and R. Howell and Z. Hulcher and I. Ingratta and C. James and W. Jang and Y. -J. Jwa and L. Kashur and W. Ketchum and J. S. Kim and D. -H. Koh and J. Larkin and Y. Li and C. Mariani and C. M. Marshall and S. Martynenko and N. Mauri and K. S. McFarland and D. P. Méndez and A. Menegolli and G. Meng and O. G. Miranda and D. Mladenov and A. Mogan and N. Moggi and E. Montagna and C. Montanari and A. Montanari and M. Mooney and G. Moreno-Granados and J. Mueller and M. Murphy and D. Naples and M. Nessi and T. Nichols and S. Palestini and M. Pallavicini and V. Paolone and L. Pasqualini and L. Patrizii and L. Paudel and G. Petrillo and C. Petta and V. Pia and F. Pietropaolo and F. Poppi and M. Pozzato and M. L Pumo and G. Putnam and X. Qian and A. Rappoldi and G. L. Raselli and S. Repetto and F. Resnati and A. M. Ricci and E. Richards and M. Rosenberg and M. Rossella and N. Rowe and P. Roy and C. Rubbia and M. Saad and S. Saha and G. Salmoria and S. Samanta and M. Satgia and A. Scaramelli and D. Schmit and F. Schwartz and A. Schukraft and D. Senadheera and S-H. Seo and F. Sergiampietri and G. Sirri and J. S. Smedley and J. Smith and L. Stanco and J. Stewart and H. A. Tanaka and F. Tapia and M. Tenti and K. Terao and F. Terranova and V. Togo and D. Torretta and M. Torti and F. Tortorici and R. Triozzi and Y. -T. Tsai and K. V. Tsang and S. Tufanli and T. Usher and F. Varanini and N. Vardy and S. Ventura and M. Vicenzi and C. Vignoli and B. Viren and F. A. Wieler and Z. Williams and R. J. Wilson and P. Wilson and J. Wolfs and T. Wongjirad and A. Wood and E. Worcester and M. Worcester and M. Wospakrik and S. Yadav and H. Yu and J. Yu and A. Zani and J. Zennamo and J. Zettlemoyer and C. Zhang and S. Zucchelli and M. Zuckerbrot},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.18392},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
78 pages, 71 figures, 6 tables