English

Cruciform: Solving Crosswords with Natural Language Processing

Computation and Language 2016-11-24 v2

Abstract

Crossword puzzles are popular word games that require not only a large vocabulary, but also a broad knowledge of topics. Answering each clue is a natural language task on its own as many clues contain nuances, puns, or counter-intuitive word definitions. Additionally, it can be extremely difficult to ascertain definitive answers without the constraints of the crossword grid itself. This task is challenging for both humans and computers. We describe here a new crossword solving system, Cruciform. We employ a group of natural language components, each of which returns a list of candidate words with scores when given a clue. These lists are used in conjunction with the fill intersections in the puzzle grid to formulate a constraint satisfaction problem, in a manner similar to the one used in the Dr. Fill system. We describe the results of several of our experiments with the system.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1611.02360,
  title  = {Cruciform: Solving Crosswords with Natural Language Processing},
  author = {Dragomir Radev and Rui Zhang and Steve Wilson and Derek Van Assche and Henrique Spyra Gubert and Alisa Krivokapic and MeiXing Dong and Chongruo Wu and Spruce Bondera and Luke Brandl and Jeremy Dohmann},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.02360},
  year   = {2016}
}

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R2 v1 2026-06-22T16:45:03.334Z