English

CRPropa 3.3: Toward a Unified Multi-Messenger Framework from GeV to ZeV Energies

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena 2025-11-06 v2

Abstract

We present CRPropa 3.3, the latest release of the publicly available Monte Carlo framework for simulating the propagation of high-energy particles in astrophysical environments. This version introduces significant extensions that enables multi-messenger studies across a broad energy range, from GeV to ZeV. New features include explicit time tracking, time-dependent advection fields, and support for position-dependent radiation backgrounds, for more realistic simulations of Galactic and extragalactic propagation. Nuclear cross sections have been updated and expanded up to lead (Z=82). We illustrate some of these new features, including acceleration at moving shocks and gamma-ray propagation in the interstellar radiation field. Together, these improvements establish CRPropa 3.3 as a comprehensive tool for modelling cosmic rays, gamma rays, and their secondaries in structured, time-dependent environments, setting the stage for next-generation multi-messenger astrophysics.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2507.11475,
  title  = {CRPropa 3.3: Toward a Unified Multi-Messenger Framework from GeV to ZeV Energies},
  author = {Sophie Aerdker and Rafael Alves Batista and Julia Becker Tjus and Gaetano Di Marco and Julien Dörner and Karl-Heinz Kampert and Lukas Merten and Leonel Morejon and Gero Müller and Patrick Reichherzer and Andrey Saveliev and Leander Schlegel and Günter Sigl and Arjen van Vliet},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.11475},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

8 pages, 5 figures; Proceedings of the ICRC2025