English

Cross-Layer Misalignment Detection in Agent Skills: A Progressive Loading-Aware Contrastive Learning Approach

Artificial Intelligence 2026-07-12 v1 Cryptography and Security Machine Learning

Abstract

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly extended through Agent Skills, reusable artifacts that package natural-language metadata, procedural instructions, and execution-time resources for runtime use. As open-source skill marketplaces expand, users and agents increasingly rely on brief metadata to select third-party skills, making it difficult to detect inconsistencies between a skill's description and its true behavior, a problem we call cross-layer misalignment. To address this issue, we propose Progressive Loading-Aware Hierarchical Contrastive Learning (PL-HCL), an LLM-based framework that detects misalignment by modeling the layered structure of Agent Skills and learning cross-layer consistency. Using a normalized corpus of over 264,000 open-source skills and a human-verified challenge set, PL-HCL improves Macro-F1 from approximately 0.45 for unadapted baselines to 0.87-0.89 across evaluated LLM backbones. This approach offers an effective screening tool for users and operators, as well as design principles for detecting inconsistencies in layered digital artifacts.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.10534,
  title  = {Cross-Layer Misalignment Detection in Agent Skills: A Progressive Loading-Aware Contrastive Learning Approach},
  author = {Chengjun Zhang and Yang Gao and Jianna Hur and Jingjing Zhang and Sagar Samtani},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.10534},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

10 pages, 5 pages supplemental. Accepted at the KDD 2026 Workshop on Evaluation and Trustworthiness of Agentic AI