Coupling Does Not Reduce the Auxiliary-Mode Count for $1/|\omega|$ Spectra in Passive Lindblad Networks
Abstract
Representing continuous environments by finitely many Markovian auxiliary modes is fundamental in non-Markovian open quantum systems, yet a critical question remains: at a fixed mode budget, can coherent intermode coupling reduce the spectral approximation error? We prove that intermode coupling offers no advantage when passive, number-conserving Gaussian Lindblad auxiliary networks approximate a spectrum over a finite two-sided frequency band. For any mode budget , the general coupled class and its uncoupled diagonal subclass share the same optimal error, which is exactly the degree- Zolotarev error for sign approximation. This optimum is attainable by independent damped auxiliary modes at zero detuning. The result holds when the auxiliary network is in a stationary vacuum state, the system couples to it via a single Hermitian bath operator, and no white-noise feedthrough term is present. Consequently, although a general coupled network has real parameters, coherent intermode coupling, collective dissipation, and nonnormal structure cannot reduce the number of auxiliary modes required to reach a prescribed tolerance. This exact relation yields both the minimum mode count for a prescribed positive-frequency dynamic range and tolerance, and the maximum dynamic range attainable for a prescribed mode budget and tolerance.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2608.04539,
title = {Coupling Does Not Reduce the Auxiliary-Mode Count for $1/|\omega|$ Spectra in Passive Lindblad Networks},
author = {Qing-Ao Xiang and Yan Liu and Xin-Yuan Yang and Ya-Ju Song},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2608.04539},
year = {2026}
}