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CountTRuCoLa: Rule Confidence Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting

Machine Learning 2025-09-12 v1

Abstract

We address the task of temporal knowledge graph (TKG) forecasting by introducing a fully explainable method based on temporal rules. Motivated by recent work proposing a strong baseline using recurrent facts, our approach learns four simple types of rules with a confidence function that considers both recency and frequency. Evaluated on nine datasets, our method matches or surpasses the performance of eight state-of-the-art models and two baselines, while providing fully interpretable predictions.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.09474,
  title  = {CountTRuCoLa: Rule Confidence Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting},
  author = {Julia Gastinger and Christian Meilicke and Heiner Stuckenschmidt},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.09474},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T05:32:04.408Z