English

Cosmic chronometers, Pantheon+ supernovae, and quasars favor coasting cosmologies over the flat $\Lambda$CDM model

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics 2025-01-22 v1

Abstract

We test and compare coasting cosmological models with curvature parameters k={1,0,+1}{k=\left\{ -1,0,+1 \right\}} in H02c2{H_0^2 c^{-2}} units and the flat Λ\LambdaCDM model by fitting them to cosmic chronometers (CC), the Pantheon+ sample of type Ia supernovae (SNe), and standardized quasars (QSOs). We used the \texttt{emcee} code for fitting CC data, a custom Markov Chain Monte Carlo implementation for SNe and QSOs, and Anderson-Darling tests for normality on normalized residuals for model comparison. Best-fit parameters are presented, constrained by data within redshift ranges z2z\leq 2 for CCs, z2.3z\leq 2.3 for SNe, and z7.54z\leq 7.54 for QSOs. Coasting models, particularly the flat coasting model, are generally favored over the flat Λ\LambdaCDM model. The overfitting of the flat Λ\LambdaCDM model to Pantheon+ SNe and the large intrinsic scatter in QSO data suggest a need to refine error estimates in these datasets. We also highlight the seemingly fine-tuned nature of either the CC data or Ωm,0\Omega_{\mathrm{m},0} in the flat Λ\LambdaCDM model to an H1=H0{H_1=H_0} coincidence when fitting H(z)=H1z+H0{H(z)=H_1z+H_0}, a natural feature of coasting models.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2412.15717,
  title  = {Cosmic chronometers, Pantheon+ supernovae, and quasars favor coasting cosmologies over the flat $\Lambda$CDM model},
  author = {Peter Raffai and Adrienn Pataki and Rebeka L. Böttger and Alexandra Karsai and Gergely Dálya},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.15717},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

Accepted for publication in ApJ. Code and posterior plots available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14184660