Coordinated Primary Frequency Regulation and Grid-Forming Control for Wind Turbine Generators

Meng Chen; Yufei Xi; Lin Cheng; Florian Döfler; Ioannis Lestas

Coordinated Primary Frequency Regulation and Grid-Forming Control for Wind Turbine Generators

Systems and Control 2026-08-03 v1

Authors: Meng Chen , Yufei Xi , Lin Cheng , Florian Döfler , Ioannis Lestas

Abstract

Conventional grid-forming (GFM) control strategies often treat the DC source as an unconstrained link, creating mismatches when applied to the wind turbine generators (WTGs). Focusing on primary frequency regulation, this paper systematically investigates the mismatch between the GFM-WTGs behavior and the droop-based primary frequency regulation. To address this issue, a novel coordination strategy between WTG primary frequency regulation and GFM control is proposed. By establishing well-designed relationships among the power-tracking coefficient, power set-point, and frequency deviation, the proposed strategy enables GFM-WTGs to participate consistently in primary frequency regulation within predefined frequency limits while maintaining appropriate power points and effectively utilizing the allowable power reserve. Furthermore, the proposed method preserves the control structure and dynamic performance of conventional GFM control and inherently adapts to varying wind-speed conditions. Comparative case studies under different operating scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy.

Keywords

grid-forming control primary frequency regulation wind turbine generators power system stability droop control coordination strategy

Cite

@article{arxiv.2608.02813,
  title  = {Coordinated Primary Frequency Regulation and Grid-Forming Control for Wind Turbine Generators},
  author = {Meng Chen and Yufei Xi and Lin Cheng and Florian Döfler and Ioannis Lestas},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2608.02813},
  year   = {2026}
}