English

Context-Aware Decoding for Faithful Vision-Language Generation

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2026-01-12 v1

Abstract

Hallucinations, generating responses inconsistent with the visual input, remain a critical limitation of large vision-language models (LVLMs), especially in open-ended tasks such as image captioning and visual reasoning. In this work, we probe the layer-wise generation dynamics that drive hallucinations and propose a training-free mitigation strategy. Employing the Logit Lens, we examine how LVLMs construct next-token distributions across decoder layers, uncovering a pronounced commitment-depth gap: truthful tokens accumulate probability mass on their final candidates earlier than hallucinatory ones. Drawing on this discovery, we introduce Context Embedding Injection (CEI), a lightweight method that harnesses the hidden state of the last input token-the context embedding-as a grounding signal to maintain visual fidelity throughout decoding and curb hallucinations. Evaluated on the CHAIR, AMBER, and MMHal-Bench benchmarks (with a maximum token length of 512), CEI outperforms state-of-the-art baselines across three LVLMs, with its dynamic variant yielding the lowest overall hallucination rates. By integrating novel mechanistic insights with a scalable intervention, this work advances the mitigation of hallucinations in LVLMs.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.05939,
  title  = {Context-Aware Decoding for Faithful Vision-Language Generation},
  author = {Mehrdad Fazli and Bowen Wei and Ziwei Zhu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.05939},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T08:57:58.076Z