Construction and On-site Performance of the LHAASO WFCTA Camera
Abstract
The focal plane camera is the core component of the Wide Field-of-view Cherenkov/fluorescence Telescope Array (WFCTA) of the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Because of the capability of working under moonlight without aging, silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) have been proven to be not only an alternative but also an improvement to conventional photomultiplier tubes (PMT) in this application. Eighteen SiPM-based cameras with square light funnels have been built for WFCTA. The telescopes have collected more than 100 million cosmic ray events and preliminary results indicate that these cameras are capable of working under moonlight. The characteristics of the light funnels and SiPMs pose challenges (e.g. dynamic range, dark count rate, assembly techniques). In this paper, we present the design features, manufacturing techniques and performances of these cameras. Finally, the test facilities, the test methods and results of SiPMs in the cameras are reported here.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2012.14622,
title = {Construction and On-site Performance of the LHAASO WFCTA Camera},
author = {F. Aharonian and Q. An and Axikegu and L. X. Bai and Y. X. Bai and Y. W. Bao and D. Bastieri and X. J. Bi and Y. J. Bi and H. Cai and J. T. Cai and Z. Cao and Z. Cao and J. Chang and J. F. Chang and X. C. Chang and B. M. Chen and J. Chen and L. Chen and L. Chen and L. Chen and M. J. Chen and M. L. Chen and Q. H. Chen and S. H. Chen and S. Z. Chen and T. L. Chen and X. L. Chen and Y. Chen and N. Cheng and Y. D. Cheng and S. W. Cui and X. H. Cui and Y. D. Cui and B. Z. Dai and H. L. Dai and Z. G. Dai and Danzengluobu and D. della Volpe and B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli and X. J. Dong and J. H. Fan and Y. Z. Fan and Z. X. Fan and J. Fang and K. Fang and C. F. Feng and L. Feng and S. H. Feng and Y. L. Feng and B. Gao and C. D. Gao and Q. Gao and W. Gao and M. M. Ge and L. S. Geng and G. H. Gong and Q. B. Gou and M. H. Gu and J. G. Guo and X. L. Guo and Y. Q. Guo and Y. Y. Guo and Y. A. Han and H. H. He and H. N. He and J. C. He and S. L. He and X. B. He and Y. He and M. Heller and Y. K. Hor and C. Hou and X. Hou and H. B. Hu and S. Hu and S. C. Hu and X. J. Hu and D. H. Huang and Q. L. Huang and W. H. Huang and X. T. Huang and Z. C. Huang and F. Ji and X. L. Ji and H. Y. Jia and K. Jiang and Z. J. Jiang and C. Jin and D. Kuleshov and K. Levochkin and B. B. Li and C. Li and C. Li and F. Li and H. B. Li and H. C. Li and H. Y. Li and J. Li and K. Li and W. L. Li and X. Li and X. Li and X. R. Li and Y. Li and Y. Z. Li and Z. Li and Z. Li and E. W. Liang and Y. F. Liang and S. J. Lin and B. Liu and C. Liu and D. Liu and H. Liu and H. D. Liu and J. Liu and J. L. Liu and J. S. Liu and J. Y. Liu and M. Y. Liu and R. Y. Liu and S. M. Liu and W. Liu and Y. N. Liu and Z. X. Liu and W. J. Long and R. Lu and H. K. Lv and B. Q. Ma and L. L. Ma and X. H. Ma and J. R. Mao and A. Masood and W. Mitthumsiri and T. Montaruli and Y. C. Nan and B. Y. Pang and P. Pattarakijwanich and Z. Y. Pei and M. Y. Qi and D. Ruffolo and V. Rulev and A. Sáiz and L. Shao and O. Shchegolev and X. D. Sheng and J. R. Shi and H. C. Song and Yu. V. Stenkin and V. Stepanov and Q. N. Sun and X. N. Sun and Z. B. Sun and P. H. T. Tam and Z. B. Tang and W. W. Tian and B. D. Wang and C. Wang and H. Wang and H. G. Wang and J. C. Wang and J. S. Wang and L. P. Wang and L. Y. Wang and R. N. Wang and W. Wang and W. Wang and X. G. Wang and X. J. Wang and X. Y. Wang and Y. D. Wang and Y. J. Wang and Y. P. Wang and Z. Wang and Z. Wang and Z. H. Wang and Z. X. Wang and D. M. Wei and J. J. Wei and Y. J. Wei and T. Wen and C. Y. Wu and H. R. Wu and S. Wu and W. X. Wu and X. F. Wu and S. Q. Xi and J. Xia and J. J. Xia and G. M. Xiang and G. Xiao and H. B. Xiao and G. G. Xin and Y. L. Xin and Y. Xing and D. L. Xu and R. X. Xu and L. Xue and D. H. Yan and C. W. Yang and F. F. Yang and J. Y. Yang and L. L. Yang and M. J. Yang and R. Z. Yang and S. B. Yang and Y. H. Yao and Z. G. Yao and Y. M. Ye and L. Q. Yin and N. Yin and X. H. You and Z. Y. You and Y. H. Yu and Q. Yuan and H. D. Zeng and T. X. Zeng and W. Zeng and Z. K. Zeng and M. Zha and X. X. Zhai and B. B. Zhang and H. M. Zhang and H. Y. Zhang and J. L. Zhang and J. W. Zhang and L. Zhang and L. Zhang and L. X. Zhang and P. F. Zhang and P. P. Zhang and R. Zhang and S. R. Zhang and S. S. Zhang and X. Zhang and X. P. Zhang and Y. Zhang and Y. Zhang and Y. F. Zhang and Y. L. Zhang and B. Zhao and J. Zhao and L. Zhao and L. Z. Zhao and S. P. Zhao and F. Zheng and Y. Zheng and B. Zhou and H. Zhou and J. N. Zhou and P. Zhou and R. Zhou and X. X. Zhou and C. G. Zhu and F. R. Zhu and H. Zhu and K. J. Zhu and X. Zuo},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.14622},
year = {2021}
}
Comments
45 pages, 21 figures, article