Peculiar velocity encodes rich information about the formation, dynamics, evolution, and merging history of binary black holes. In this work, we employ a hierarchical Bayesian model to infer the peculiar velocity distribution of binary black holes. We use the data from GWTC-3 and assume a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for the peculiar velocities, but do not consider the dependence of peculiar velocity on the masses of black hole binaries. The constraint on the peculiar velocity distribution parameter, v0, is weak and uninformative. However, the determination of peculiar velocity distribution can be significantly improved with next-generation ground-based gravitational wave detectors. For the Einstein Telescope, the relative uncertainty of v0 will reduce to ∼ 10\% using 103 golden binary black hole events. Our statistical approach thus provides a robust and prospective inference for determining the peculiar velocity distribution.
@article{arxiv.2306.12950,
title = {Constraints on peculiar velocity distribution of binary black holes using gravitational waves with GWTC-3},
author = {Zhi-Qiang You and Zu-Cheng Chen and Lang Liu and Zhu Yi and Xiao-Jin Liu and You Wu and Yi Gong},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.12950},
year = {2025}
}