Constraining the Nature of the PDS 70 Protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY
Abstract
We present K-band interferometric observations of the PDS 70 protoplanets along with their host star using VLTI/GRAVITY. We obtained K-band spectra and 100 as precision astrometry of both PDS 70 b and c in two epochs, as well as spatially resolving the hot inner disk around the star. Rejecting unstable orbits, we found a nonzero eccentricity for PDS 70 b of , a near-circular orbit for PDS 70 c, and an orbital configuration that is consistent with the planets migrating into a 2:1 mean motion resonance. Enforcing dynamical stability, we obtained a 95% upper limit on the mass of PDS 70 b of 10 , while the mass of PDS 70 c was unconstrained. The GRAVITY K-band spectra rules out pure blackbody models for the photospheres of both planets. Instead, the models with the most support from the data are planetary atmospheres that are dusty, but the nature of the dust is unclear. Any circumplanetary dust around these planets is not well constrained by the planets' 1-5 m spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and requires longer wavelength data to probe with SED analysis. However with VLTI/GRAVITY, we made the first observations of a circumplanetary environment with sub-au spatial resolution, placing an upper limit of 0.3~au on the size of a bright disk around PDS 70 b.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2101.04187,
title = {Constraining the Nature of the PDS 70 Protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY},
author = {J. J. Wang and A. Vigan and S. Lacour and M. Nowak and T. Stolker and R. J. De Rosa and S. Ginzburg and P. Gao and R. Abuter and A. Amorim and R. Asensio-Torres and M. Baubck and M. Benisty and J. P. Berger and H. Beust and J. -L. Beuzit and S. Blunt and A. Boccaletti and A. Bohn and M. Bonnefoy and H. Bonnet and W. Brandner and F. Cantalloube and P. Caselli and B. Charnay and G. Chauvin and E. Choquet and V. Christiaens and Y. Clénet and V. Coudé du Foresto and A. Cridland and P. T. de Zeeuw and R. Dembet and J. Dexter and A. Drescher and G. Duvert and A. Eckart and F. Eisenhauer and S. Facchini and F. Gao and P. Garcia and R. Garcia Lopez and T. Gardner and E. Gendron and R. Genzel and S. Gillessen and J. Girard and X. Haubois and G. Heißel and T. Henning and S. Hinkley and S. Hippler and M. Horrobin and M. Houllé and Z. Hubert and A. Jiménez-Rosales and L. Jocou and J. Kammerer and M. Keppler and P. Kervella and M. Meyer and L. Kreidberg and A. -M. Lagrange and V. Lapeyrère and J. -B. Le Bouquin and P. Léna and D. Lutz and A. -L. Maire and F. Ménard and A. Mérand and P. Mollière and J. D. Monnier and D. Mouillet and A. Müller and E. Nasedkin and T. Ott and G. P. P. L. Otten and C. Paladini and T. Paumard and K. Perraut and G. Perrin and O. Pfuhl and L. Pueyo and J. Rameau and L. Rodet and G. Rodríguez-Coira and G. Rousset and S. Scheithauer and J. Shangguan and T. Shimizu and J. Stadler and O. Straub and C. Straubmeier and E. Sturm and L. J. Tacconi and E. F. van Dishoeck and F. Vincent and S. D. von Fellenberg and K. Ward-Duong and F. Widmann and E. Wieprecht and E. Wiezorrek and J. Woillez and The GRAVITY Collaboration},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.04187},
year = {2021}
}
Comments
30 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in AJ