Constraining black hole spin in PG 1535+547 amidst complex multi-layered absorption
Abstract
We present a spectroscopic analysis of XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the 'complex' NLS1 PG 1535+547 at redshift . These observations span three epochs: 2002 and 2006 with XMM-Newton alone, covering the keV energy range, and a coordinated XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observation in 2016, covering the keV energy range. The X-ray spectra across all epochs exhibit both neutral and ionized absorption, along with reflection features from the accretion disc, including a prominent Compton hump in the broadband data. Notably, the spectral shape varies across epochs. Our analysis suggests this variability is attributed to changes in both line-of-sight absorption and the intrinsic emission from PG 1535+547. The source is obscured by multiple layers of partially and/or fully covering neutral and ionized absorbers, with neutral column densities ranging from undetectable levels in the least obscured phase to in the most obscured phase. A clear warm absorber is revealed during the least obscured phase. The continuum remains fairly consistent () during the first two observations, followed by a substantial flux decrease (by a factor of in the keV band) in 2016 compared to 2006. The 2016 data indicates the source is in a reflection-dominated state during this epoch, with a reflection fraction of and an X-ray source located at a height . Simultaneous fitting of the multi-epoch data suggests a rapidly rotating black hole with a spin parameter, . These findings imply that strong light-bending effects may account for the observed continuum flux reduction.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2512.17539,
title = {Constraining black hole spin in PG 1535+547 amidst complex multi-layered absorption},
author = {A. Madathil-Pottayil and D. J. Walton and Jiachen Jiang and T. Dauser and Andrew Fabian and D. Stern and Luigi C. Gallo and Mark T. Reynolds and Emanuele Nardini and Javier A. Garcia},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.17539},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
14 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS