English

Consecutive non-square non-primitive tuples in finite fields

Number Theory 2026-07-19 v1

Abstract

Let qq be an odd prime power and put θq=φ(q1)q1. \theta_q=\frac{\varphi(q-1)}{q-1}. Let Fq\mathbb{F}_q denote a finite field with qq elements, an element of Fq\mathbb{F}_q is called non-square non-primitive, or \emph{NSNP}, if it is both a non-square and a non-primitive element. We first obtain a general existence theorem for consecutive tuples of non-square \ellth powers, where \ell is an odd prime divisor of q1q-1. More precisely, if k2k\ge 2, charFqk\text{char}\mathbb{F}_q\ge k, and q>(k1)2(2)2k, q>(k-1)^2(2\ell)^{2k}, then Fq\mathbb{F}_q contains kk consecutive non-square \ellth powers. Combining this result with a finite computation, we prove that θq<4/15\theta_q<4/15 guarantees the existence of three consecutive NSNP elements. On the boundary θq=4/15\theta_q=4/15, the only exceptions are F31,F61,F121. \mathbb{F}_{31},\quad \mathbb{F}_{61},\quad \mathbb{F}_{121}. In particular, the constant 4/154/15 is best possible.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.17267,
  title  = {Consecutive non-square non-primitive tuples in finite fields},
  author = {Juncheng Zhou and Hongfeng Wu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.17267},
  year   = {2026}
}