Confirming Nunki as the closest core collapse progenitor candidate to the Sun
Abstract
We have recently suggested that Nunki=Sigma Sagittarii is the closest core collapse progenitor candidate to the Sun based on a VLTI/GRAVITY observation that unveiled it as a binary at a projected separation of 0.60 au. Here we combine this observation with three VLTI/PIONIER archival and one previous MAPPIT observation to solve for the orbit of \textit{Nunki}, finding () and thereby confirming it as a close binary. The low orbital inclination coupled with the high projected rotational velocity and the absence of a decretion disk are a strong hint for spin-orbit misalignment. The significant eccentricity will cause the system to undergo eccentric Roche lobe overflow once the primary expands to , so that a merger into a star is a possible outcome. Therefore, we conclude that \textit{Nunki} at a distance can indeed be considered the closest core collapse progenitor candidate to the Sun as it is closer than \textit{Spica} and \textit{Bellatrix} both at . Furthermore, we also report on a VLTI/GRAVITY observation of \textit{Bellatrix} that shows that it does not have any close companion with a K band flux ratio higher than 1\%; in particular, it is not a close equal mass binary as previously suspected. Two archival spectra of \textit{Nunki} illustrate how equal-mass binaries with rapidly rotating components can easily hide to become virtually spectroscopically undetectable when the radial velocity separation is several times smaller than the individual line widths.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2603.17011,
title = {Confirming Nunki as the closest core collapse progenitor candidate to the Sun},
author = {Idel Waisberg and Boaz Katz},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.17011},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
9 pages, 5 figures + Appendix