English

Confirming Nunki as the closest core collapse progenitor candidate to the Sun

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics 2026-03-19 v1 High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

Abstract

We have recently suggested that Nunki=Sigma Sagittarii is the closest core collapse progenitor candidate to the Sun based on a VLTI/GRAVITY observation that unveiled it as a 6.5+6.3M6.5+6.3 M_{\odot} binary at a projected separation of 0.60 au. Here we combine this observation with three VLTI/PIONIER archival and one previous MAPPIT observation to solve for the orbit of \textit{Nunki}, finding a=1.26±0.05 aua=1.26\pm0.05 \text{ au} (P=134.779±0.025 daysP=134.779\pm0.025 \text{ days}) and thereby confirming it as a close binary. The low orbital inclination i=19.7±1.9i=19.7\pm1.9^{\circ} coupled with the high projected rotational velocity vsini160 km s1v \sin i \simeq 160 \text{ km}\text{ s}^{-1} and the absence of a decretion disk are a strong hint for spin-orbit misalignment. The significant eccentricity e=0.492±0.003e=0.492\pm0.003 will cause the system to undergo eccentric Roche lobe overflow once the primary expands to R50RR\simeq50 R_{\odot}, so that a merger into a M10MM \gtrsim 10 M_{\odot} star is a possible outcome. Therefore, we conclude that \textit{Nunki} at a distance d69 pcd \approx 69 \text{ pc} can indeed be considered the closest core collapse progenitor candidate to the Sun as it is closer than \textit{Spica} and \textit{Bellatrix} both at d77 pcd \approx 77 \text{ pc}. Furthermore, we also report on a VLTI/GRAVITY observation of \textit{Bellatrix} that shows that it does not have any close companion with a K band flux ratio higher than 1\%; in particular, it is not a close equal mass binary as previously suspected. Two archival spectra of \textit{Nunki} illustrate how equal-mass binaries with rapidly rotating components can easily hide to become virtually spectroscopically undetectable when the radial velocity separation is several times smaller than the individual line widths.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.17011,
  title  = {Confirming Nunki as the closest core collapse progenitor candidate to the Sun},
  author = {Idel Waisberg and Boaz Katz},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.17011},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

9 pages, 5 figures + Appendix