English

Comprehensive neutrino light curves and spectra: from pre-supernova evolution to early supernova phase

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena 2026-03-11 v1

Abstract

We present the first systematic study of neutrino emissions from massive stars, continuously tracking the late evolutionary stages through the early core-collapse supernova phase. Using progenitor and supernova models, we analyze the neutrino luminosities and spectra for progenitors with initial masses of 10--40~MM_\odot. Our systematic analysis reveals that the compactness parameter (ξ2.5\xi_{2.5}) and carbon-oxygen core mass (MCOM_{\text{CO}}) exhibit strong correlations with neutrino emission. In the pre-supernova phase, the time-integrated number of neutrinos correlates with ξ2.5\xi_{2.5} when integrated over the final day and with MCOM_{\text{CO}} for longer durations. For the early supernova phase (<200<200 ms post-bounce), the neutrino properties are relatively insensitive to the specific stellar evolution code used, allowing for a reliable extraction of physical correlations. We confirm that the neutrino emission features, including the electron neutrino burst properties and accretion-powered luminosity of other species, reflect the progenitor's compactness. An evaluation of the observational feasibility for a nearby progenitor using a False Alarm Rate approach suggests that these correlations can persist even under practical detection conditions. Such a joint analysis of both phases provides complementary constraints on the internal structure. All calculated time-series data will be made publicly available.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.09810,
  title  = {Comprehensive neutrino light curves and spectra: from pre-supernova evolution to early supernova phase},
  author = {Chinami Kato and Hiroki Nagakura and Akira Ito and Ryosuke Hirai and Shun Furusawa and Takashi Yoshida and Ryuichiro Akaho},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.09810},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

36 pages, 26 figures, 1 table, submitted to ApJS