Composing Linear Layers from Irreducibles
Abstract
Contemporary large models often exhibit behaviors suggesting the presence of low-level primitives that compose into modules with richer functionality, but these fundamental building blocks remain poorly understood. We investigate this compositional structure in linear layers by asking: can we identify/synthesize linear transformations from a minimal set of geometric primitives? Using Clifford algebra, we show that linear layers can be expressed as compositions of bivectors -- geometric objects encoding oriented planes -- and introduce a differentiable algorithm that decomposes them into products of rotors. This construction uses only O(log^2 d) parameters, versus O(d^2) required by dense matrices. Applied to the key, query, and value projections in LLM attention layers, our rotor-based layers match the performance of strong baselines such as block-Hadamard and low-rank approximations. Our findings provide an algebraic perspective on how these geometric primitives can compose into higher-level functions within deep models.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2507.11688,
title = {Composing Linear Layers from Irreducibles},
author = {Travis Pence and Daisuke Yamada and Vikas Singh},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.11688},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
35 Pages, 11 Tables, 6 Figures, Appearing in NeurIPS 2025