Compact Non-Volatile Multilevel Sb$_2$Se$_3$ Electro-Optical Switching in the Mid-Infrared Group-IV-Photonics Platform
Abstract
This theoretical modeling and simulation paper presents designs and projected performances of two non-volatile, broadband, on-chip 2-by-2 electro-optical switches based upon the germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) photonic-electronic platform operating at the 2.5 m mid-infrared wavelength. These compact devices facilitate large-scale integration on a monolithic wafer where all components are made of group-IV semiconductors. The switches are the two-waveguide directional coupler (DC) and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). A thin-film graphene Joule-effect micro-heater is assumed on the planarized GeOI device to change the phase (reversably) of DC-slot-embedded SbSe phase-change material (PCM) from crystalline to amorphous. The MZI has this PCM within its slotted-arm waveguides. Simulations show high-performance bistable or multi-stable cross-bar switching in both devices. The 2-by-2 DC has an active coupling length of 17 m, 130 nm gap, and a footprint of 5 m -by- 31 m. The device bandwidth is 30 nm over a wavelength range where cross and bar insertion losses IL are less than 0.3 dB, and where optical crosstalk is less than -15 dB. Results for the 2-by-2 MZI show crossbar switching attained with a 7.8 m-length SbSe slot and a 5 m -by- 51 m switch footprint. Stable, multi-level switching in both devices is attained via partial amorphization. Thermal modeling shows that careful control of the voltage-pulse amplitude V applied to graphene (rectangular pulse duration of 500 ns) can give 32 levels, for example, using V in the range from 6.18 to 7.75 Volts.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2401.15999,
title = {Compact Non-Volatile Multilevel Sb$_2$Se$_3$ Electro-Optical Switching in the Mid-Infrared Group-IV-Photonics Platform},
author = {Richard Soref and Francesco De Leonardis and Martino De Carlo and Vittorio M. N. Passaro},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.15999},
year = {2024}
}