We present "Gasper," a proof-of-stake-based consensus protocol, which is an idealized version of the proposed Ethereum 2.0 beacon chain. The protocol combines Casper FFG, a finality tool, with LMD GHOST, a fork-choice rule. We prove safety, plausible liveness, and probabilistic liveness under different sets of assumptions.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2003.03052,
title = {Combining GHOST and Casper},
author = {Vitalik Buterin and Diego Hernandez and Thor Kamphefner and Khiem Pham and Zhi Qiao and Danny Ryan and Juhyeok Sin and Ying Wang and Yan X Zhang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.03052},
year = {2020}
}