We report and analyse the classification performance of an experimental hybrid spatio-temporal photonic reservoir computer based upon a free-space VCSEL array. We demonstrate experimentally the enhancement of spatial-only reservoir operation, featuring the diffractive coupling of lasers in an external cavity, by exploiting up to 88 virtual nodes with time multiplexing. We analyse the dependance of performance on the spatial and virtual node number, and achieve an improvement for both spatial- and temporal-only reservoirs with a reduced test error of 0.026 in a classification task. Further, given the high bandwidth of the non-linear laser transformation, we demonstrate the expansion of a 12 spatial node network to a 968 node network, operating at an input time of 17.6ns, maintaining high processing speed and improving network scalability and performance.
@article{arxiv.2605.00753,
title = {Combined spatially and temporally multiplexed photonic reservoir computer with a diffractively coupled VCSEL-array},
author = {Joshua Robertson and Moritz Pfluger and Ingo Fischer and Miguel Soriano and Antonio Hurtado},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.00753},
year = {2026}
}