English

Combinatorial $n$-od covers of graphs

General Topology 2025-06-16 v1

Abstract

We introduce the notion of a combinatorial nn-od cover, for n3n \geq 3, which is a tool that may be used to show that certain continua embedded in the plane are not simple nn-od-like. Using this tool, we generalize a classic example of Ingram, and give a construction, for each n3n \geq 3, of an indecomposable plane continuum which is simple (n+1)(n+1)-od-like but not simple nn-od-like, and such that each non-degenerate proper subcontinuum is an arc. These examples may be compared with related constructions of Kennaugh [10].

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2506.11979,
  title  = {Combinatorial $n$-od covers of graphs},
  author = {Logan C. Hoehn and Hugo Adrian Maldonado-Garcia},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.11979},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

29 pages, 5 figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T03:16:21.168Z