English

CodeA11y: Making AI Coding Assistants Useful for Accessible Web Development

Human-Computer Interaction 2025-02-18 v1 Software Engineering

Abstract

A persistent challenge in accessible computing is ensuring developers produce web UI code that supports assistive technologies. Despite numerous specialized accessibility tools, novice developers often remain unaware of them, leading to ~96% of web pages that contain accessibility violations. AI coding assistants, such as GitHub Copilot, could offer potential by generating accessibility-compliant code, but their impact remains uncertain. Our formative study with 16 developers without accessibility training revealed three key issues in AI-assisted coding: failure to prompt AI for accessibility, omitting crucial manual steps like replacing placeholder attributes, and the inability to verify compliance. To address these issues, we developed CodeA11y, a GitHub Copilot Extension, that suggests accessibility-compliant code and displays manual validation reminders. We evaluated it through a controlled study with another 20 novice developers. Our findings demonstrate its effectiveness in guiding novice developers by reinforcing accessibility practices throughout interactions, representing a significant step towards integrating accessibility into AI coding assistants.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2502.10884,
  title  = {CodeA11y: Making AI Coding Assistants Useful for Accessible Web Development},
  author = {Peya Mowar and Yi-Hao Peng and Jason Wu and Aaron Steinfeld and Jeffrey P. Bigham},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.10884},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T21:45:36.771Z