The observed late-type WC Wolf-Rayet stars (WC7-9) with low luminosity below logL/L⊙<5.4 in the HR diagram cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by the evolutionary track of single stars. The mass transfer due to Roche lobe overflow drastically modifies the internal structure and surface compositions of two components. Therefore, binaries provide a very promising evolutionary channel to produce these WC stars.
@article{arxiv.2111.13305,
title = {Close binary evolution based on Gaia DR2: the origin of late WC-type Wolf-Rayet stars with low luminosity},
author = {Weiguo Peng and Hanfeng Song and Georges Meynet and Andre Maeder and Fabio Barblan and Ruiyu Zhang and Sylvia Ekströmt and Cyril Georgy and Gang Long and Liuyan Zhao and Ying Qin},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.13305},
year = {2022}
}