English

Classifying $GL(2,\mathbb Z) \ltimes \mathbb Z^{2}$-orbits by subgroups of $\mathbb R$

Dynamical Systems 2014-01-16 v1

Abstract

Let G2\mathcal G_2 denote the affine group GL(2,Z)Z2GL(2,\mathbb Z) \ltimes \mathbb Z^{2}. For every point x=(x1,x2)R2x=(x_1,x_2) \in \R2 let \orb(x)={yR2y=γ(x)\orb(x)=\{y\in\R2\mid y=\gamma(x) for some γG2}\gamma \in \mathcal{G}_2 \}. Let GxG_{x} be the subgroup of the additive group R\mathbb R generated by x1,x2,1x_1,x_2, 1. If \rank(Gx){1,3}\rank(G_x)\in \{1,3\} then \orb(x)={yR2Gy=Gx}\orb(x)=\{y\in\R2\mid G_y=G_x\}. If \rank(Gx)=2\rank(G_x)=2, knowledge of GxG_x is not sufficient in general to uniquely recover \orb(x)\orb(x): rather, GxG_x classifies precisely max(1,ϕ(d)/2)\max(1,\phi(d)/2) different orbits, where dd is the denominator of the smallest positive nonzero rational in GxG_x and ϕ\phi is Euler function. To get a complete classification, polyhedral geometry provides an integer cx1c_x\geq 1 such that \orb(y)=\orb(x)\orb(y)=\orb(x) iff (Gx,cx)=(Gy,cy)(G_{x},c_{x})=(G_{y},c_{{y}}).

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1401.3708,
  title  = {Classifying $GL(2,\mathbb Z) \ltimes \mathbb Z^{2}$-orbits by subgroups of $\mathbb R$},
  author = {Daniele Mundici},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1401.3708},
  year   = {2014}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-22T02:46:29.651Z