English

Classification of $\lambda$-homomorphic braces on $\mathbb{Z}^2$

Group Theory 2024-08-14 v1

Abstract

If A=(A,,)A=(A,\oplus,\odot) is a λ\lambda-homomorphic brace with (A,)=Z2(A,\oplus)=\mathbb{Z}^2, then the operations in this brace are given by formulas \begin{align*}\begin{pmatrix}a_1\\a_2\end{pmatrix}\oplus\begin{pmatrix}b_1\\b_2\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix}a_1+b_1\\a_2+b_2\end{pmatrix},&&\begin{pmatrix}a_1\\a_2\end{pmatrix}\odot\begin{pmatrix}b_1\\b_2\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix}a_1\\a_2\end{pmatrix}+\varphi^{a_1}\psi^{a_2}\begin{pmatrix}b_1\\b_2\end{pmatrix}, \end{align*} where φ,ψGL2(Z)\varphi,\psi\in{\rm GL}_2(\mathbb{Z}) are cpecific matrices which depend on AA. Not every pair (φ,ψ)(\varphi,\psi) lead to a brace. In the present paper we find all possible pairs (φ,ψ)(\varphi,\psi) of matrices from GL2(Z){\rm GL}_2(\mathbb{Z}) which lead to λ\lambda-homomorphic braces with (A,)=Z2(A,\oplus)=\mathbb{Z}^2. The obtained result gives the full classification of λ\lambda-homomorphic braces on Z2\mathbb{Z}^2 which was started by Bardakov, Neshchadim and Yadav in [J. Pure App. Algebra, V. 226, N. 6, 2022, 106961].

Cite

@article{arxiv.2408.06589,
  title  = {Classification of $\lambda$-homomorphic braces on $\mathbb{Z}^2$},
  author = {T. Nasybullov and I. Novikov},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.06589},
  year   = {2024}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T18:11:08.111Z