English

Classification of GVZ and Nested GVZ $p$-groups up to Order $p^6$

Representation Theory 2026-04-15 v3 Group Theory

Abstract

Let GG be a finite group and let \Irr(G)\Irr(G) denote the set of irreducible complex characters of GG. For a normal subgroup NGN \trianglelefteq G and χ\Irr(G)\chi \in \Irr(G), we say that χ\chi is \emph{fully ramified} over NN if χ(g)=0\chi(g)=0 for all gGNg \in G \setminus N. A group GG is said to be of \emph{central type} if there exists χ\Irr(G)\chi \in \Irr(G) that is fully ramified over Z(G)Z(G). Motivated by this notion, an irreducible character χ\Irr(G)\chi \in \Irr(G) is called of \emph{central type} if χ\chi vanishes on GZ(χ)G \setminus Z(\chi), where Z(χ)={gG:χ(g)=χ(1)} Z(\chi)=\{\, g \in G : |\chi(g)|=\chi(1) \,\} is the center of χ\chi. Groups in which every irreducible character is of central type are called \emph{GVZ-groups}. Furthermore, a group GG is said to be \emph{nested} if for all χ,ψ\Irr(G)\chi,\psi \in \Irr(G), either Z(χ)Z(ψ)Z(\chi)\subseteq Z(\psi) or Z(ψ)Z(χ)Z(\psi)\subseteq Z(\chi). It is known that a GVZ-group is nilpotent. In this article, we classify all GVZ and nested GVZ pp-groups of order at most p6p^6, where pp is an odd prime.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.27669,
  title  = {Classification of GVZ and Nested GVZ $p$-groups up to Order $p^6$},
  author = {Ram Karan Choudhary},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.27669},
  year   = {2026}
}