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Classical Simulation of Noiseless Quantum Dynamics without Randomness

Quantum Physics 2026-01-23 v1

Abstract

Simulating noiseless quantum dynamics classically faces a fundamental dilemma: tensor-network methods become inefficient as entanglement saturates, while Pauli-truncation approaches typically rely on noise or randomness. To close the gap, we propose the Low-weight Pauli Dynamics (LPD) algorithm that efficiently approximates local observables for short-time dynamics in the absence of noise. We prove that the truncation error admits an average-case bound without assuming randomness, provided that the state is sufficiently entangled. Counterintuitively, entanglement--usually an obstacle for classical simulation--alleviates classical simulation error. We further show that such entangled states can be generated either by tensor-network classical simulation or near-term quantum devices. Our results establish a rigorous synergy between existing classical simulation methods and provide a complementary route to quantum simulation that reduces circuit depth for long-time dynamics, thereby extending the accessible regime of quantum dynamics.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.15770,
  title  = {Classical Simulation of Noiseless Quantum Dynamics without Randomness},
  author = {Jue Xu and Chu Zhao and Xiangran Zhang and Shuchen Zhu and Qi Zhao},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.15770},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T09:15:28.015Z