Traditional approaches for smart contract analysis often rely on intermediate representations such as abstract syntax trees, control-flow graphs, or static single assignment form. However, these methods face limitations in capturing both semantic structures and control logic. Knowledge graphs, by contrast, offer a structured representation of entities and relations, enabling richer intermediate abstractions of contract code and supporting the use of graph query languages to identify rule-violating elements. This paper presents CKG-LLM, a framework for detecting access-control vulnerabilities in smart contracts. Leveraging the reasoning and code generation capabilities of large language models, CKG-LLM translates natural-language vulnerability patterns into executable queries over contract knowledge graphs to automatically locate vulnerable code elements. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that CKG-LLM achieves superior performance in detecting access-control vulnerabilities compared to existing tools. Finally, we discuss potential extensions of CKG-LLM as part of future research directions.
@article{arxiv.2512.06846,
title = {CKG-LLM: LLM-Assisted Detection of Smart Contract Access Control Vulnerabilities Based on Knowledge Graphs},
author = {Xiaoqi Li and Hailu Kuang and Wenkai Li and Zongwei Li and Shipeng Ye},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.06846},
year = {2026}
}