English

Characterization of the Trans-Alfv\'enic Region Using Observations from Parker Solar Probe

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics 2025-10-10 v1 Space Physics

Abstract

Close to Earth the solar wind is usually super-Alfv\'enic, i.e. the speed of the solar wind is much larger than the Alfv\'en speed. However, in the lower coronal regions, the solar wind is mostly sub-Alfv\'enic. With the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) crossing the boundary between the sub- and super-Alfv\'enic flow, Bandyopadhyay et al. (2022) performed a turbulence characterization of the sub-Alfv\'enic solar wind with initial data from encounters 8 and 9. In this study, we re-examine the turbulence properties such as turbulence amplitude, anisotropy of the magnetic field variance, intermittency and switchback strength extending with PSP data for encounters 8-19. The later orbits probe lower altitudes and experience sub-Alfv\'enic conditions more frequently providing a greater statistical coverage to contrast sub- and super-Alfv\'enic solar wind. Also, by isolating the intervals where the solar wind speed is approximately equal to the Alfv\'en speed, we explore the transition in more detail. We show that the amplitude of the normalized magnetic field fluctuation is smaller for the sub-Alfv\'enic samples. While solar wind turbulence in general is shown to be anisotropic, the sub-Alfv\'enic samples are more anisotropic than the super-Alfv\'enic samples, in general. Further, we show that the sub- and super-Alfv\'enic samples do not show much distinction in terms of intermittency strength. Finally, consistent with prior results, we find no evidence for polarity reversing > 90 degrees switchbacks in the sub-Alfv\'enic solar wind

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2510.07472,
  title  = {Characterization of the Trans-Alfv\'enic Region Using Observations from Parker Solar Probe},
  author = {Subash Adhikari and Riddhi Bandyopadhyay and Joshua Goodwill and William H. Matthaeus and David Ruffolo and Panisara Thepthong and Peera Pongkitiwanichakul and Sohom Roy and Francesco Pecora and Rohit Chhiber and Rayta Pradata and Arcadi Usmanov and Michael Stevens and Samuel Badman and Orlando Romeo and Jiaming Wang and Melvyn L. Goldstein},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.07472},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

Submitted to ApJ Letters