Characterization of Gradient Index Fibers

Gradient index (GRIN) fibers are used to improve the design of many fiber optic devices. However, the properties of the GRIN fiber must be determined to optimally engineer a device which incorporates GRIN fiber components. The index of refraction of most GRIN fibers varies quadratically in the radial direction, where the quadratic coefficient is characterized by the gradient index constant $g$. We measured $g$ for Thorlabs GIF50C GRIN fiber at both $780~\mathrm{nm}$ and $1550~\mathrm{nm}$ using equipment which is commonly available in an optics laboratory. This measurement was achieve by profiling the beam exiting various lengths of GRIN fiber. A custom-built beam profiler was used, which enabled the beam position to be referenced with respect to the facet of the GRIN fiber. We report a gradient index constant of $0.0057~\mathrm{\mu m}^{-1} \pm 0.0001~\mathrm{\mu m}^{-1}$ at $780~\mathrm{nm}$ and $0.0055~\mathrm{\mu m}^{-1} \pm 0.0001~\mathrm{\mu m}^{-1}$ at $1550~\mathrm{nm}$. These results are in close agreement with previously reported gradient index constant measurements made for different wavelengths.