English

CBMAS: Cognitive Behavioral Modeling via Activation Steering

Artificial Intelligence 2026-01-13 v1 Machine Learning

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) often encode cognitive behaviors unpredictably across prompts, layers, and contexts, making them difficult to diagnose and control. We present CBMAS, a diagnostic framework for continuous activation steering, which extends cognitive bias analysis from discrete before/after interventions to interpretable trajectories. By combining steering vector construction with dense {\alpha}-sweeps, logit lens-based bias curves, and layer-site sensitivity analysis, our approach can reveal tipping points where small intervention strengths flip model behavior and show how steering effects evolve across layer depth. We argue that these continuous diagnostics offer a bridge between high-level behavioral evaluation and low-level representational dynamics, contributing to the cognitive interpretability of LLMs. Lastly, we provide a CLI and datasets for various cognitive behaviors at the project repository, https://github.com/shimamooo/CBMAS.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.06109,
  title  = {CBMAS: Cognitive Behavioral Modeling via Activation Steering},
  author = {Ahmed H. Ismail and Anthony Kuang and Ayo Akinkugbe and Kevin Zhu and Sean O'Brien},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.06109},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Accepted to CogInterp @ NeurIPS 2025. Equal contribution by Ahmed H. Ismail and Anthony Kuang

R2 v1 2026-07-01T08:58:13.243Z