English

Canonization of a random graph by two matrix-vector multiplications

Computational Complexity 2024-01-23 v2

Abstract

We show that a canonical labeling of a random nn-vertex graph can be obtained by assigning to each vertex xx the triple (w1(x),w2(x),w3(x))(w_1(x),w_2(x),w_3(x)), where wk(x)w_k(x) is the number of walks of length kk starting from xx. This takes time O(n2)O(n^2), where n2n^2 is the input size, by using just two matrix-vector multiplications. The linear-time canonization of a random graph is the classical result of Babai, Erd\H{o}s, and Selkow. For this purpose they use the well-known combinatorial color refinement procedure, and we make a comparative analysis of the two algorithmic approaches.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2312.03686,
  title  = {Canonization of a random graph by two matrix-vector multiplications},
  author = {Oleg Verbitsky and Maksim Zhukovskii},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.03686},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

31 pages, 3 Figures. The proof of Part 2 of Theorem 1 is given in this version in more detail. The proof of Theorem 3 is also revised

R2 v1 2026-06-28T13:43:06.436Z