Can LLMs simulate how humans form and change beliefs in social networks? We put this to the test by replicating an established study on belief dynamics, evaluating 12 LLMs across multiple model families and parameter sizes. The answer is a clear no, and in systematic ways. LLMs fail to capture initial human belief distributions and tend to be overall more conformist than humans, shifting their responses to align with those around them. They also take a nuanced approach to emulating human homophilic tendencies within networks. Our findings carry a double payoff: they highlight fundamental properties of LLM behavior, and they raise a sharp warning against deploying LLMs as human proxies in social simulations.
@article{arxiv.2605.18781,
title = {Can LLMs Emulate Human Belief Dynamics?},
author = {Adiba Mahbub Proma and Neeley Pate and James N. Druckman and Gourab Ghoshal and Hangfeng He and Ehsan Hoque},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.18781},
year = {2026}
}