English

Can LLM-as-a-Judge Reliably Verify Rubrics in Agentic Scenarios?

Computation and Language 2026-06-29 v1

Abstract

Rubric-based scoring has become a widely used paradigm in model evaluation, typically with LLM-as-a-Judge (LaaJ) for rubric scoring. However, the reliability of LaaJ for rubric scoring remains underexplored. This concern is especially pronounced in agentic scenarios, where long, complex outputs further challenge reliable scoring. To address this, we conduct a systematic meta-evaluation of LaaJ reliability for rubric verification. We introduce RuVerBench, the first benchmark for assessing LaaJ reliability in rubric verification for agentic scenarios. RuVerBench covers two prevalent agentic domains, deep research and agentic coding, with 2,458 instances, each containing a model-generated output, a rubric, and a human-annotated label indicating whether the output satisfies the rubric. Using RuVerBench, we evaluate numerous frontier LLMs and find that even the most advanced models achieve strong performance but still exhibit substantial noise. We further analyze the impact of key LaaJ strategies, including prompt design, batching, and majority voting, on rubric verification. We find that weaker models are more sensitive to prompt variations, batched verification presents a trade-off between accuracy and efficiency, and majority voting yields effective but diminishing returns. We have released our dataset and code to facilitate future research: https://github.com/THU-KEG/RuVerBench.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2606.29920,
  title  = {Can LLM-as-a-Judge Reliably Verify Rubrics in Agentic Scenarios?},
  author = {Yangda Peng and Yunjia Qi and Hao Peng and Haotian Xia and Guanzhong He and Xintong Shi and Richeng Xuan and Songyuanyi Lu and Yixian Liu and Zhichao Hu and Yuhong Liu and Lei Hou and Bin Xu and Juanzi Li},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.29920},
  year   = {2026}
}