Camouflaged scene understanding (CSU) has attracted significant attention due to its broad practical implications. However, in this field, robust image-text cross-modal alignment remains under-explored, hindering deeper understanding of camouflaged scenarios and their related applications. To this end, we focus on the typical image-text retrieval task, and formulate a new task dubbed ``camouflage-aware image-text retrieval'' (CA-ITR). We first construct a dedicated camouflage image-text retrieval dataset (CamoIT), comprising ∼10.5K samples with multi-granularity textual annotations. Benchmark results conducted on CamoIT reveal the underlying challenges of CA-ITR for existing cutting-edge retrieval techniques, which are mainly caused by objects' camouflage properties as well as those complex image contents. As a solution, we propose a camouflage-expert collaborative network (CECNet), which features a dual-branch visual encoder: one branch captures holistic image representations, while the other incorporates a dedicated model to inject representations of camouflaged objects. A novel confidence-conditioned graph attention (C\textsuperscript{2}GA) mechanism is incorporated to exploit the complementarity across branches. Comparative experiments show that CECNet achieves ∼29% overall CA-ITR accuracy boost, surpassing seven representative retrieval models. The dataset and code will be available at https://github.com/jiangyao-scu/CA-ITR.
@article{arxiv.2604.01251,
title = {Camouflage-aware Image-Text Retrieval via Expert Collaboration},
author = {Yao Jiang and Zhongkuan Mao and Xuan Wu and Keren Fu and Qijun Zhao},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.01251},
year = {2026}
}