Calibration of the Super-Kamiokande Detector
Abstract
Procedures and results on hardware level detector calibration in Super-Kamiokande (SK) are presented in this paper. In particular, we report improvements made in our calibration methods for the experimental phase IV in which new readout electronics have been operating since 2008. The topics are separated into two parts. The first part describes the determination of constants needed to interpret the digitized output of our electronics so that we can obtain physical numbers such as photon counts and their arrival times for each photomultiplier tube (PMT). In this context, we developed an in-situ procedure to determine high-voltage settings for PMTs in large detectors like SK, as well as a new method for measuring PMT quantum efficiency and gain in such a detector. The second part describes the modeling of the detector in our Monte Carlo simulation, including in particular the optical properties of its water target and their variability over time. Detailed studies on the water quality are also presented. As a result of this work, we achieved a precision sufficient for physics analysis over a wide energy range (from a few MeV to above a TeV). For example, the charge determination was understood at the 1% level, and the timing resolution was 2.1 nsec at the one-photoelectron charge level and 0.5 nsec at the 100-photoelectron charge level.
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Cite
@article{arxiv.1307.0162,
title = {Calibration of the Super-Kamiokande Detector},
author = {K. Abe and Y. Hayato and T. Iida and K. Iyogi and J. Kameda and Y. Kishimoto and Y. Koshio and Ll. Marti and M. Miura and S. Moriyama and M. Nakahata and Y. Nakano and S. Nakayama and Y. Obayashi and H. Sekiya and M. Shiozawa and Y. Suzuki and A. Takeda and Y. Takenaga and H. Tanaka and T. Tomura and K. Ueno and R. A. Wendell and T. Yokozawa and T. J. Irvine and H. Kaji and T. Kajita and K. Kaneyuki and K. P. Lee and Y. Nishimura and K. Okumura and T. McLachlan and L. Labarga and E. Kearns and J. L. Raaf and J. L. Stone and L. R. Sulak and S. Berkman and H. A. Tanaka and S. Tobayama and M. Goldhaber and K. Bays and G. Carminati and W. R. Kropp and S. Mine and A. Renshaw and M. B. Smy and H. W. Sobel and K. S. Ganezer and J. Hill and W. E. Keig and J. S. Jang and J. Y. Kim and I. T. Lim and N. Hong and T. Akiri and J. B. Albert and A. Himmel and K. Scholberg and C. W. Walter and T. Wongjirad and T. Ishizuka and S. Tasaka and J. G. Learned and S. Matsuno and S. N. Smith and T. Hasegawa and T. Ishida and T. Ishii and T. Kobayashi and T. Nakadaira and K. Nakamura and K. Nishikawa and Y. Oyama and K. Sakashita and T. Sekiguchi and T. Tsukamoto and A. T. Suzuki and Y. Takeuchi and K. Huang and K. Ieki and M. Ikeda and T. Kikawa and H. Kubo and A. Minamino and A. Murakami and T. Nakaya and M. Otani and K. Suzuki and S. Takahashi and Y. Fukuda and K. Choi and Y. Itow and G. Mitsuka and M. Miyake and P. Mijakowski and R. Tacik and J. Hignight and J. Imber and C. K. Jung and I. Taylor and C. Yanagisawa and Y. Idehara and H. Ishino and A. Kibayashi and T. Mori and M. Sakuda and R. Yamaguchi and T. Yano and Y. Kuno and S. B. Kim and B. S. Yang and H. Okazawa and Y. Choi and K. Nishijima and M. Koshiba and Y. Totsuka and M. Yokoyama and K. Martens and M. R. Vagins and J. F. Martin and P. de Perio and A. Konaka and M. J. Wilking and S. Chen and Y. Heng and H. Sui and Z. Yang and H. Zhang and Y. Zhenwei and K. Connolly and M. Dziomba and R. J. Wilkes},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1307.0162},
year = {2013}
}
Comments
75 pages, 35 figures