Calibration of the Milagro Cosmic Ray Telescope
Abstract
The Milagro detector is an air shower array which uses the water Cherenkov technique and is capable of continuously monitoring the sky at energies near 1 TeV. The detector consists of 20000 metric tons of pure water instrumented with 723 photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs). The PMTs are arranged in a two-layer structure on a lattice of 3 m spacing covering 5000 area. The direction of the shower is determined from the relative timing of the PMT signals, necessitating a common time reference and amplitude slewing corrections to improve the time resolution. The calibration system to provide these consists of a pulsed laser driving 30 diffusing light sources deployed in the pond to allow cross-calibration of the PMTs. The system is capable of calibrating times and the pulse-heights from the PMTs using the time-over-threshold technique. The absolute energy scale is provided using single muons passing through the detector. The description of the calibration system of the Milagro detector and its prototype Milagrito will be presented.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.astro-ph/9906417,
title = {Calibration of the Milagro Cosmic Ray Telescope},
author = {R. Atkins and W. Benbow and D. Berley and M. -L. Chen and D. G. Coyne and R. S. Delay and B. L. Dingus and D. E. Dorfan and R. W. Ellsworth and D. Evans and A. Falcone and L. Fleysher and R. Fleysher and G. Gisler and J. A. Goodman and T. J. Haines and C. M. Hoffman and S. Hugenberger and L. A. Kelley and I. Leonor and J. Macri and M. McConnell and J. F. McCullough and J. E. McEnery and R. S. Miller and A. I. Mincer and M. F. Morales and P. Nemethy and J. M. Ryan and M. Schneider and B. Shen and A. Shoup and G. Sinnis and A. J. Smith and G. W. Sullivan and T. N. Thompson and O. T. Tumer and K. Wang and M. O. Wascko and S. Westerhoff and D. A. Williams and T. Yang and G. B. Yodh},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:astro-ph/9906417},
year = {2007}
}
Comments
4 pages, submitted to the XXVI International Cosmic Ray Conference