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Brownian behaviour of the Riemann zeta function around the critical line

Number Theory 2025-05-13 v1 Probability

Abstract

We establish a Brownian extension to Selberg's central limit theorem for the Riemann zeta function. This implies various limiting distributions for ζ\zeta, including an analogue of the reflection principle for the maximum of the Brownian motion: as TT diverges, for any u>0u>0 we have 1Tmeas{0tT:maxσ12logζ(σ+it)u12loglogT}2uex222πdx. \frac{1}{T}\cdot {\rm meas}\Big\{0\leq t\leq T:\max_{\sigma\geq \tfrac{1}{2}}\log|\zeta(\sigma+i t)|\geq u \sqrt{\tfrac{1}{2}\log \log T} \Big\}\to 2 \displaystyle\int_u^{\infty} \frac{e^{-\frac{x^2}{2}}}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\mathrm{d} x.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2505.07352,
  title  = {Brownian behaviour of the Riemann zeta function around the critical line},
  author = {Louis Vassaux},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.07352},
  year   = {2025}
}

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14 pages