English

Breaking conservation law enables steady-state entanglement out of equilibrium

Quantum Physics 2026-03-24 v2 Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

Abstract

We show how entangled steady states can be prepared by purely dissipative dynamics in a system coupled to a thermal environment. While entanglement is hindered by thermalization when the system and environment exchange a conserved quantity, we demonstrate that breaking this conservation law through the system-environment interaction drives the system to a nonequilibrium steady state. Such an interaction will generate multiple competing equilibration channels, effectively mimicking baths at distinct chemical potentials. When the environment also supports long-range correlations, these channels mediate nonlocal dissipation capable of generating entanglement. We illustrate the scheme in a model of two nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers weakly coupled to a spin-pumped magnet, where tuneable magnon excitations enable steady-state entanglement over finite distances. Our results identifies a general mechanism for dissipative entanglement generation, rooted in the conservation structure and environmental correlations rather than fine-tuned coherent control or active driving.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2508.18131,
  title  = {Breaking conservation law enables steady-state entanglement out of equilibrium},
  author = {Vince Hou and Eric Kleinherbers and Shane P. Kelly and Yaroslav Tserkovnyak},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.18131},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

5 pages + supplemental material, 4 figures