English

Breaking bad theories of class $\mathcal S$

High Energy Physics - Theory 2026-02-25 v2

Abstract

We study weakly-coupled descriptions/channel decompositions of the 4d N=2\mathcal{N}=2 theories of class S\mathcal{S} of type su(N)\mathfrak{su}(N), from the perspective of the 3d N=4\mathcal{N}=4 mirror duals of their circle compactifications. This is a delicate problem when the channel decomposition produces pathological, or bad, 4d configurations that correspond to spheres with non-maximal punctures. The star-shaped quivers, describing the 3d mirrors associated with such bad 4d configurations, are bad 3d N=4\mathcal{N}=4 theories. Leveraging recent results regarding 3d bad theories, we identify a new and interesting family of bad theories, which we coin \textit{broken} theories, that naturally arise in this context. Using these broken theories, we develop a systematic and analytic method that determines the generically non-Lagrangian matter sectors and the weakly-coupled gauge groups in such channel decompositions. We understand these weakly-coupled descriptions as emerging dynamically via Higgs mechanisms triggered by operators acquiring vacuum expectation values.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2508.21071,
  title  = {Breaking bad theories of class $\mathcal S$},
  author = {Riccardo Comi and Sebastiano Garavaglia and Simone Giacomelli and Sara Pasquetti and Palash Singh},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.21071},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

107 pages, 42 figures, ancillary Mathematica notebook that performs the electric dualisation algorithm on bad star-shaped quivers; typos corrected in v2