English

Boundary-Constrained Diffusion Models for Floorplan Generation: Balancing Realism and Diversity

Machine Learning 2026-02-03 v1 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Abstract

Diffusion models have become widely popular for automated floorplan generation, producing highly realistic layouts conditioned on user-defined constraints. However, optimizing for perceptual metrics such as the Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID) causes limited design diversity. To address this, we propose the Diversity Score (DS), a metric that quantifies layout diversity under fixed constraints. Moreover, to improve geometric consistency, we introduce a Boundary Cross-Attention (BCA) module that enables conditioning on building boundaries. Our experiments show that BCA significantly improves boundary adherence, while prolonged training drives diversity collapse undiagnosed by FID, revealing a critical trade-off between realism and diversity. Out-Of-Distribution evaluations further demonstrate the models' reliance on dataset priors, emphasizing the need for generative systems that explicitly balance fidelity, diversity, and generalization in architectural design tasks.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.01949,
  title  = {Boundary-Constrained Diffusion Models for Floorplan Generation: Balancing Realism and Diversity},
  author = {Leonardo Stoppani and Davide Bacciu and Shahab Mokarizadeh},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.01949},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Accepted at ESANN 2026

R2 v1 2026-07-01T09:31:34.103Z