We pose a generalized Boson Sampling problem. Strong evidence exists that such a problem becomes intractable on a classical computer as a function of the number of Bosons. We describe a quantum optical processor that can solve this problem efficiently based on Gaussian input states, a linear optical network and non-adaptive photon counting measurements. All the elements required to build such a processor currently exist. The demonstration of such a device would provide the first empirical evidence that quantum computers can indeed outperform classical computers and could lead to applications.
@article{arxiv.1305.4346,
title = {Boson Sampling from Gaussian States},
author = {A. P. Lund and A. Laing and S. Rahimi-Keshari and T. Rudolph and J. L O'Brien and T. C. Ralph},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1305.4346},
year = {2014}
}