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Boosting Text-to-Image Diffusion Models via Core Token Attention-Based Seed Selection

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2026-05-20 v1 Machine Learning

Abstract

Text-to-image diffusion models can synthesize high-quality images, yet the outcome is notoriously sensitive to the random seed: different initial seeds often yield large variations in image quality and prompt-image alignment. We revisit this "seed effect" and show that attention dynamics over prompt core tokens, the content-bearing words, measured during the first few denoising steps, strongly predict final generation quality. Building on this observation, we introduce Attention-Based Seed Selection (ABSS), a training-free, plug-and-play method that ranks seeds for a given prompt by leveraging cross-attention to core tokens during the denoising process. ABSS requires no finetuning and does not alter the initial noise; it scores and ranks all candidate seeds, keeps only the top-k for full generation, and discards the rest, without relying on a fixed accept/reject threshold. Operating purely at inference time, ABSS can serve as a lightweight pre-selection add-on for existing seed-optimization pipelines, enabling additional gains. Across three benchmarks, extensive experiments show that ABSS enables consistent improvements in text-image alignment and visual quality for Stable Diffusion variants, as corroborated by human preference and alignment metrics.

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Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.19532,
  title  = {Boosting Text-to-Image Diffusion Models via Core Token Attention-Based Seed Selection},
  author = {Yunzhe Zhang and Hongfu Liu and Pengyu Hong},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.19532},
  year   = {2026}
}

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