English

Bond percolation between $k$ separated points on a square lattice

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks 2020-07-08 v2 Statistical Mechanics

Abstract

We consider a percolation process in which kk points separated by a distance proportional to system size LL simultaneously connect together (k>1k>1), or a single point at the center of a system connects to the boundary (k=1k=1), through adjacent connected points of a single cluster. These processes yield new thresholds pck\overline p_{ck} defined as the average value of pp at which the desired connections first occur. These thresholds are not sharp as the distribution of values of pckp_{ck} for individual samples remains broad in the limit of LL \to \infty. We study pck\overline p_{ck} for bond percolation on the square lattice, and find that pck\overline p_{ck} are above the normal percolation threshold pc=1/2p_c = 1/2 and represent specific supercritical states. The pck\overline p_{ck} can be related to integrals over powers of the function P(p)P_\infty(p) equal to the probability a point is connected to the infinite cluster; we find numerically from both direct simulations and from measurements of P(p)P_\infty(p) on L×LL\times L systems that, for LL \to \infty, pc1=0.51755(5)\overline p_{c1} = 0.51755(5), pc2=0.53219(5)\overline p_{c2} = 0.53219(5), pc3=0.54456(5)\overline p_{c3} = 0.54456(5), and pc4=0.55527(5).\overline p_{c4} = 0.55527(5). The percolation thresholds pck\overline p_{ck} remain the same, even when the kk points are randomly selected within the lattice. We show that the finite-size corrections scale as L1/νkL^{-1/\nu_k} where νk=ν/(kβ+1)\nu_k = \nu/(k \beta +1), with β=5/36\beta=5/36 and ν=4/3\nu=4/3 being the ordinary percolation critical exponents, so that ν1=48/41\nu_1= 48/41, ν2=24/23\nu_2 = 24/23, ν3=16/17\nu_3 = 16/17, ν4=6/7\nu_4 = 6/7, etc. We also study three-point correlations in the system, and show how for p>pcp>p_c, the correlation ratio goes to 1 (no net correlation) as LL \to \infty, while at pcp_c it reaches the known value of 1.022.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2003.09590,
  title  = {Bond percolation between $k$ separated points on a square lattice},
  author = {S. S. Manna and Robert M. Ziff},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.09590},
  year   = {2020}
}

Comments

9 pages, 11 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-23T14:22:19.318Z